Izinhlobo eziyisithupha zamagciwane okuphefumula

I-Corona Virus Disease 2019, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-COVID-19”, isho inyumoniya ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2.I-SARS-CoV-2 iyi-coronavirus yohlobo lwe-β.I-COVID-19 yisifo esithathelwanayo esinamandla sokuphefumula, futhi inani labantu ngokuvamile liyathinteka.Njengamanje, umthombo wokutheleleka ikakhulukazi iziguli ezingenwe yi-SARS-CoV-2, futhi abantu abangenwe yi-asymptomatic bangase babe umthombo wokutheleleka.Ngokusekelwe ophenyweni lwamanje lwe-epidemiological, isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku ezingu-1-14, ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezingu-3-7.Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okomile nokukhathala yizimpawu eziyinhloko.Iziguli ezimbalwa zazinokuminyana emakhaleni, ikhala eligijimayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, i-myalgia kanye nesifo sohudo.

Umkhuhlane, owaziwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane", isifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esibangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane.Iyathelelana kakhulu.Isakazwa kakhulu ngokukhwehlela kanye nokuthimula.Ivamise ukuqubuka entwasahlobo nasebusika.Amagciwane oMkhuhlane ahlukene abe umkhuhlane A, IFV A, umkhuhlane B, IFV B, kanye noMkhuhlane C, IFV C izinhlobo ezintathu, zonke zingamagciwane anamathelayo, abangela isifo somuntu ikakhulukazi kumagciwane omkhuhlane A no-B, iyi-stranded eyodwa, i-RNA virus ehlukene.Igciwane loMkhuhlane A liwukutheleleka kokuphefumula okunamandla, okuhlanganisa i-H1N1, i-H3N2 nezinye izinhlobo ezincane, ezivame ukuguquka nokuqubuka emhlabeni jikelele.I-"Shift" ibhekisela ekuguqulweni kwegciwane lomkhuhlane A, okuholela ekuveleni kwegciwane elisha "i-subtype".Amagciwane oMkhuhlane B ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, i-Yamagata ne-Victoria.Igciwane lomkhuhlane B line-antigenic drift kuphela, futhi ligwema ukubhekwa nokuqedwa kwamasosha omzimba ngokuguqulwa kwawo.Kodwa-ke, ijubane lokuvela kwegciwane lomkhuhlane B lihamba kancane kunelo legciwane le-human influenza A.Igciwane loMkhuhlane B lingase futhi libangele izifo zokuphefumula komuntu futhi libangele izifo eziwumshayabhuqe.

I-Adenovirus (AdV) ingeye-mammalian adenovirus, okuyigciwane le-DNA elinemicu ephindwe kabili ngaphandle kwemvilophu.Okungenani ama-genotypes angu-90 atholiwe, angahlukaniswa abe i-AG 7 subgenera.Ukutheleleka kwe-AdV kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa inyumoniya, i-bronchitis, i-cystitis, i-eye conjunctivitis, izifo zesisu kanye ne-encephalitis.Inyumoniya ye-Adenovirus ingenye yezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zenyumoniya ezitholwa umphakathi ezinganeni, ezibalelwa ku-4% -10% wenyumoniya etholwa umphakathi.

I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) iwuhlobo lwe-microorganism encane kakhulu ye-prokaryotic, ephakathi kwebhaktheriya negciwane, enokwakheka kwamaseli kodwa alukho udonga lweseli.I-MP ikakhulukazi ibangela ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula womuntu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebancane.Kungabangela inyumoniya ye-mycoplasma yomuntu, isifo sokuphefumula kwezingane kanye ne-atypical pneumonia.Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kuhlukahlukene, iningi lazo ukukhwehlela okukhulu, umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu.Ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu kanye nenyumoniya ye-bronchial yizona ezivame kakhulu.Ezinye iziguli zingase zikhule zisuka ekuthelelekeni ngomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu ziye kwinyumoniya enzima, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula nokufa kungase kwenzeke.

I-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) igciwane le-RNA, eliyingxenye yomndeni we-paramyxoviridae.Idluliselwa ngamaconsi omoya kanye nokuthintana eduze futhi iyi-pathogen eyinhloko yezifo eziphansi zokuphefumula ezinsaneni.Izinsana ezingenwe i-RSV zingase zibe ne-bronchiolitis enamandla (okubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchiolitis) kanye ne-pneumonia, ehlobene nesifo somoya ezinganeni.Izinsana zinezimpawu ezinzima, ezihlanganisa ukushisa okukhulu, i-rhinitis, i-pharyngitis ne-laryngitis, bese kuba yi-bronchiolitis ne-pneumonia.Izingane ezimbalwa ezigulayo zingaba yinkimbinkimbi nge-otitis media, i-pleurisy ne-myocarditis, njll.