Ikhithi ye-RT-PCR yokuthola izinhlobo eziyisithupha zamagciwane okuphefumula (i-Fluorescence PCR)

I-Corona Virus Disease 2019, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-COVID-19”, isho inyumoniya ebangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2.I-SARS-CoV-2 iyi-coronavirus yohlobo lwe-β.I-COVID-19 yisifo esithathelwanayo esinamandla sokuphefumula, futhi inani labantu ngokuvamile liyathinteka.Njengamanje, umthombo wokutheleleka ikakhulukazi iziguli ezingenwe yi-SARS-CoV-2, futhi abantu abangenwe yi-asymptomatic bangase babe umthombo wokutheleleka.Ngokusekelwe ophenyweni lwamanje lwe-epidemiological, isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku ezingu-1-14, ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezingu-3-7.Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okomile nokukhathala yizimpawu eziyinhloko.Iziguli ezimbalwa zazinokuminyana emakhaleni, ikhala eligijimayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, i-myalgia kanye nesifo sohudo.

Umkhuhlane, owaziwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane", isifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esibangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane.Iyathelelana kakhulu.Isakazwa kakhulu ngokukhwehlela kanye nokuthimula.Ivamise ukuqubuka entwasahlobo nasebusika.Amagciwane omkhuhlane we-influenza ahlukaniswe abe umkhuhlane A, IFV A, umkhuhlane B, IFV B, kanye no-C, IFV C izinhlobo ezintathu, zonke zingezamagciwane anamathelayo, abangela isifo somuntu ikakhulukazi kumagciwane omkhuhlane A no-B, yi-single-stranded, i-RNA virus ehlukene.Igciwane loMkhuhlane A liwukutheleleka kokuphefumula okunamandla, okuhlanganisa i-H1N1, i-H3N2 nezinye izinhlobo ezincane, ezivame ukuguquka nokuqubuka emhlabeni jikelele.I-"Shift" ibhekisela ekuguqulweni kwegciwane lomkhuhlane A, okuholela ekuveleni kwegciwane elisha "i-subtype".Amagciwane oMkhuhlane B ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, i-Yamagata ne-Victoria.Igciwane lomkhuhlane B line-antigenic drift kuphela, futhi ligwema ukubhekwa nokuqedwa kwamasosha omzimba ngokuguqulwa kwawo.Kodwa-ke, ijubane lokuvela kwegciwane lomkhuhlane B lihamba kancane kunelo legciwane le-human influenza A.Igciwane loMkhuhlane B lingase futhi libangele izifo zokuphefumula komuntu futhi libangele izifo eziwumshayabhuqe.

I-Adenovirus (AdV) ingeye-mammalian adenovirus, okuyigciwane le-DNA elinemiphetho ephindwe kabili ngaphandle kwemvilophu.Okungenani ama-genotypes angu-90 atholiwe, angahlukaniswa abe i-AG 7 subgenera.Ukutheleleka kwe-AdV kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa inyumoniya, i-bronchitis, i-cystitis, i-eye conjunctivitis, izifo zesisu kanye ne-encephalitis.Inyumoniya ye-Adenovirus ingenye yezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zenyumoniya ezitholwa umphakathi ezinganeni, ezibalelwa ku-4% -10% wenyumoniya etholwa umphakathi.

I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) iwuhlobo lwe-microorganism encane kakhulu ye-prokaryotic, ephakathi kwebhaktheriya negciwane, enokwakheka kwamaseli kodwa alukho udonga lweseli.I-MP ikakhulukazi ibangela ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula womuntu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebancane.Kungabangela inyumoniya ye-mycoplasma yomuntu, ukutheleleka kwezingane zokuphefumula kanye ne-atypical pneumonia.Izimpawu zomtholampilo zihlukahlukene, iningi lazo ukukhwehlela okukhulu, umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu.Ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu kanye nenyumoniya ye-bronchial yizona ezivame kakhulu.Ezinye iziguli zingase zikhule zisuka ekuthelelekeni ngomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu ziye kwinyumoniya enzima, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula nokufa kungase kwenzeke.

I-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) igciwane le-RNA, eliyingxenye yomndeni we-paramyxoviridae.Idluliselwa ngamaconsi omoya kanye nokuthintana eduze futhi iyi-pathogen eyinhloko yezifo eziphansi zokuphefumula ezinsaneni.Izinsana ezingenwe i-RSV zingase zibe ne-bronchiolitis enamandla (okubizwa ngokuthi i-bronchiolitis) kanye ne-pneumonia, ehlobene nesifo somoya ezinganeni.Izinsana zinezimpawu ezinzima, ezihlanganisa ukushisa okukhulu, i-rhinitis, i-pharyngitis ne-laryngitis, bese kuba yi-bronchiolitis ne-pneumonia.Izingane ezimbalwa ezigulayo zingaba yinkimbinkimbi nge-otitis media, i-pleurisy ne-myocarditis, njll.